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Thailand Skips Lockdown to Save Economy, But GDP to Take Hit

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Thailand’s latest virus outbreak is likely to crimp consumer spending and delay a tourism revival, prompting warnings the economy may undershoot expectations for a rebound this year and next.

Thailand hopes to avoid a full national lockdown to stem a wave of infections that began in mid-December and has spread to more than 50 of 77 provinces. Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-Ocha this week ordered some businesses to close and curbed travel in the worst-hit regions, as opposed to the hard lockdown imposed to quell the initial outbreak last March.

A prolonged outbreak would likely hurt consumer spending as people curtail travel and shopping, weakening an economy already hard hit by international travel restrictions. Data Thursday showed consumer confidence fell to a five-month low in December as infections spread.

“This outbreak won’t be contained quickly like last year, because we traded off a full lockdown for the sake of the economy,” said Somprawin Manprasert, chief economist at Bank of Ayudhya Pcl. “It will last a while. This will be a marathon, not a sprint.”

Bank of Ayudhya hasn’t yet tweaked its forecast for 3.3% gross domestic product growth this year, but sees additional downside risks, Somprawin said. If a lockdown is needed, a month-long closure could shave 0.5 to 1.5 percentage points off GDP, while a two-month shutdown could wipe out growth altogether, he said.

On Wednesday, the Bank of Thailand said the new outbreak has been more severe than expected and makes it more likely the economy will undershoot its baseline forecasts for 3.2% growth this year and 4.8% next year.

The government is mindful of the economic impact and has about 200 billion baht ($6.7 billion) to spend to cushion the blow, said Danucha Pichayanan, secretary general of the National Economic and Social Development Council. Policy makers will unveil specific measures within two weeks, he said.

Thailand was among the worst-hit economies in Asia last year after a three-month lockdown caused growth to contract a record 12.1% in the second quarter. The economic council forecast GDP to shrink 6% for all of 2020.

“A lockdown that stops transport, logistics and export activities will affect growth more than a lockdown that restricts travel,” Somprawin said. “The current control measures are focused on limiting people’s interaction, which could affect consumption but doesn’t affect the supply of goods.”

After unveiling a 1.9 trillion baht stimulus package last year, policy makers still have space to ramp up spending and extend programs to prop up domestic consumption.

“The quick reimbursement and spending subsidy on travel and goods purchases has really provided some support to domestic consumption,” said Komsorn Prakobphol, senior investment strategist at Tisco Financial Group Pcl. “If the government accelerates the already approved budget, it would offer a good cushion to the economy.”

Currency Hurdle

Another hurdle is the strong baht, which has resisted Bank of Thailand efforts to curb its gains. The local currency has rallied about 10% from last April’s 17-month low, and the central bank has said continued rapid appreciation will hurt the economy.

The currency is poised for a third straight weekly loss amid concern over how the curbs will affect the economy. The baht weakened Friday as much as 0.4% to 30.159 to the dollar and was down 0.2% for the week.

A stronger baht is “the main reason why the Thai stock market and economy have lagged other Asian countries,” Tisco’s Komsorn said. “The BOT has limited scope to deal with it because the dollar’s outlook is very weak.”

Thailand is still months away from securing enough vaccines to inoculate its population, potentially delaying any reopening to foreign visitors.

“The recent resurgence of Covid-19 cases in Thailand as well as globally could put a dent in the recovery anticipated for the first quarter,” Billy Toh Kian Hin, an economist at RHB Bank Bhd., said in a note. The latest outbreak “is a reminder that the recovery ahead would be a long and uneven path.”

FINANCE

German central bank issues warning on economy

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Germany’s GDP could stagnate or even decline in the third quarter, Bundesbank has warned

The German economy has been shrinking over the past two years and will remain stagnant for the rest of the year as it continues to grapple with economic malaise, Bloomberg reported on Friday.

According to a survey conducted by the outlet, the EU’s top economy has been stalling in the three months through September, marking a deeper-than-expected decline.

Economists have already started downgrading their forecasts for this year, with some now seeing protracted stagnation or even another downturn.

“While we expect the market to see a mild recovery at the end of 2024 and in 2025, much of it will be cyclical, with downside risks remaining acute,” Martin Belchev, an analyst at FrontierView told Bloomberg.

He warned that the faltering automotive sector will further exacerbate downward pressures on growth as the top four German carmakers have seen double-digit declines.
Thousands of EU automotive jobs at risk – Bloomberg

The country’s central bank said on Thursday in its monthly report that the German economy may already be in recession. According to the Bundesbank, gross domestic product (GDP) “could stagnate or decline slightly again” in the third quarter, after a 0.1% contraction in the second quarter.

Economic sentiment in the country has suffered due to weak industrial activity, Budensbank President Joachim Nagel said on Wednesday.

“Stagnation might be more or less on the cards for full-year 2024 as well if the latest forecasts by economic research institutes are anything to go by,” he said.

German industry is struggling amid weak demand in key export markets, shortages of qualified workers, tighter monetary policy, the protracted fallout from the energy crisis, and growing competition from China, Bloomberg noted.

The Eurozone’s largest economy has been falling behind its peers over the past years, largely due to a prolonged manufacturing downturn. Germany was the only Group of Seven economy to contract in 2023.

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Thousands of EU automotive jobs at risk

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A third of the region’s major car plants are currently operating at half capacity or less, according to a report

European auto makers are facing more plant closures as they struggle to keep up with the electric vehicle (EV) transition amid slowing demand and growing competition, Bloomberg reported on Wednesday.

According to the outlet’s analysis of data from Just Auto, nearly a third of the major passenger-car plants from the five largest manufacturers – BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Renault and VW – were underutilized last year. The auto giants were producing fewer than half the vehicles they have the capacity to make, the figures showed.

Annual sales in Europe are reportedly around 3 million cars below pre-pandemic levels, leaving factories unfilled and putting thousands of jobs at risk.

The report pointed out that sites shutting down would add to concerns that the region is facing a protracted downturn after falling behind key competitors, the US and China.

“More carmakers are fighting for pieces of a smaller pie,” Matthias Schmidt, an independent auto analyst based near Hamburg, told Bloomberg. “Some production plants definitely will have to go,” he warned.

VW announced last week it was considering closing factories in Germany for the first time in its near nine-decade history. The automaker said it was struggling with the transition away from fossil fuels.

BMW has warned that tepid demand in China poses a further threat to sales and profits.

Volkswagen planning major cutbacks in Germany

The threat of factory closures in Europe has worsened in recent years amid skyrocketing energy prices and worker shortages that have driven up labor costs.

“Failure to turn things around would deal a blow to the region’s economy,” Bloomberg wrote, pointing out that the auto industry accounts for over 7% of the EU’s GDP and more than 13 million jobs.

Car-assembly plants often are “anchors of a community,” securing work at countless nearby businesses, from suppliers of engine parts and trucking companies to the local bakery delivering to the staff cafeteria, the report said.

Closing plants is usually “the last resort” in a region where unions and politicians have a strong hold over corporate decision-making, concluded Bloomberg.

There’s “massive consolidation pressure” for auto plants in Europe, Fabian Brandt, an industry expert for consultancy Oliver Wyman, said. “Inefficient factories will be evaluated, and there will be other kinds of plants that shut down,” he claimed.

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Global debt balloons to record highs

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It’s now $45 trillion higher than its pre-pandemic level and is expected to continue growing rapidly, a top trade body has warned

The global debt pile increased by $8.3 trillion in the first quarter of the year to a near-record high of $305 trillion amid an aggressive tightening of monetary policy by central banks, the Institute of International Finance (IIF) has revealed.

According to its Global Debt Monitor report on Wednesday, the reading is the highest since the first quarter of last year and the second-highest quarterly reading ever.

The IIF warned that the combination of such high debt levels and rising interest rates had pushed up the cost of servicing that debt, prompting concerns about leverage in the financial system.

“With financial conditions at their most restrictive levels since the 2008-09 financial crisis, a credit crunch would prompt higher default rates and result in more ‘zombie firms’ – already approaching an estimated 14% of US-listed firms,” the IIF said.

Despite concerns over a potential credit crunch following recent turmoil in the banking sectors of the United States and Switzerland, government borrowing needs to remain elevated, the finance industry body stressed.

According to the report, aging populations and rising healthcare costs continue putting strain on government balance sheets, while “heightened geopolitical tensions are also expected to drive further increases in national defense spending over the medium term,” which would potentially affect the credit profile of both governments and corporate borrowers.

“If this trend continues, it will have significant implications for international debt markets, particularly if interest rates remain higher for longer,” the IIF cautioned.

The report showed that total debt in emerging markets hit a new record high of more than $100 trillion, around 250% of GDP, up from $75 trillion in 2019. China, Mexico, Brazil, India and Türkiye were the biggest upward contributors, according to the IIF.

As for the developed markets, Japan, the US, France and the UK posted the sharpest increases over the quarter, it said.

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